How to Examine Your Vulva: A Gynecologist’s Guide
Let’s be honest: talking about your vulva can feel uncomfortable, even with your doctor.
Research suggests that many women feel embarrassed discussing their genital anatomy, and some avoid seeking medical care because of that discomfort.
But here’s the thing: your vulva is a normal part of your anatomy, and you deserve to feel comfortable talking about it.
As a board-certified OB/GYN, I want to help you become more familiar with your body so you can recognize changes and feel more confident discussing concerns with your healthcare professional.
First, What Is Your Vulva?
The vulva refers to your external genital anatomy, including the outer and inner labia, clitoris, and openings of the urethra and vagina.
The vagina, on the other hand, is the internal muscular canal that connects the vaginal opening to the cervix. Although people often use these terms interchangeably, they are not the same thing!
Does My Vulva Look Normal?
One question I hear frequently from patients is, “Does my vulva look normal?”
The answer is that there is a wide range of normal.
Vulvas naturally vary in shape, size, color, and texture. Your inner labia may extend beyond your outer labia, one side may look different from the other, and your skin may be lighter or darker than the surrounding area.
Your anatomy can also change throughout your life, including during puberty, after childbirth, and during menopause.
If you want to see just how much vulvas can vary, I recommend visiting the Labia Library by Women’s Health Victoria. Its educational photo gallery features real vulvas and helps demonstrate the diversity of normal anatomy.
Why Should You Examine Your Vulva?
Your vulva is covered in skin, just like your arms and legs. Becoming familiar with what is normal for YOU can help you recognize when something changes.
You don’t need to examine yourself every day. Simply becoming familiar with your anatomy can help you notice changes such as:
• New or changing lumps or bumps
• Persistent itching, burning, or irritation
• White patches or changes in skin color or texture
• New sores or areas that don’t heal
• Unexplained bleeding
• Changes in the appearance of your labia or clitoral hood
These changes don’t automatically mean something serious is happening, but persistent or concerning symptoms deserve medical evaluation. And remember, itching isn’t always a yeast infection!
How to Examine Your Vulva at Home
You can start with a handheld mirror, good lighting, and a comfortable, private space.
Wash your hands, get into a position where you can see your external genital area, and gently separate your labia to observe the skin and surrounding structures.
Take your time and familiarize yourself with your usual anatomy. You don’t need to insert anything into your vagina or try to remove bumps or other material yourself.
If you notice a new or persistent change, make an appointment with your gynecologist. A self-exam can help you recognize changes, but it cannot replace a professional evaluation.
Want a Step-by-Step Guide?
I’ve created a YouTube video to walk you through the process and help you better understand your anatomy.
Watch: How to Examine Your Vulva: A Gynecologist’s Guide
🎥 Video coming soon! Subscribe to my YouTube channel so you don’t miss it.
Here are the handouts I mentioned in my YouTube video, from the ISSVD, in English and Spanish:
Get to know what’s normal for you, pay attention to changes, and never hesitate to speak up about your health.
